Reference table
Compounds & Brands
Explore 106 compounds and investigational combinations alongside their related brands. Select a name to read its guide.
Clinical stages show the highest stage recorded in our library for any indication or formulation in at least one country. Experimental groups compounds covered for experimental uses, including cognitive enhancement and longevity, rather than assigning a clinical phase. Some have registered medical formulations in other countries; this does not establish approval for the uses or products discussed. Approval and availability vary by country and product; see each article for details.
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| Compound | Stage | Overview | Related brands & products | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apitegromab (Isembyld) | Approved | Apitegromab (Isembyld) explained: how it blocks myostatin activation, its SMA approval, lean-mass data with tirzepatide, fracture risk and labeled dosing. | — | Source ↗ |
| Desmopressin (DDAVP) | Approved | Desmopressin (DDAVP) explained: labeled uses, bedwetting and nocturia trials, low-sodium risk, half-life, overlap with GLP-1 side effects and its WADA ban. | — | Source ↗ |
| Dulaglutide | Approved | Dulaglutide is a once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist built as a GLP-1 analogue fused to an antibody Fc fragment. What that design does, what REWIND and the AWARD trials showed, and how it compares with semaglutide and tirzepatide. | Source ↗ | |
| Ecnoglutide | Approved | Ecnoglutide, XW003, is Sciwind's cAMP-biased GLP-1 approved in China in 2026 for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. | — | Source ↗ |
| EPO (Epoetin alfa; Epogen, Procrit, Retacrit) | Approved | Epoetin alfa (EPO) explained: approved anemia uses, labeled doses, the boxed warning on high hemoglobin, endurance trials, WADA status and detection. | — | Source ↗ |
| Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon BCise; brands discontinued) | Approved | Exenatide explained: the Gila monster-derived GLP-1 behind Byetta and Bydureon BCise, its trials against semaglutide, side effects and 2026 availability. | — | Source ↗ |
| FSH (follitropin alfa, Gonal-f) | Approved | FSH (follitropin alfa, Gonal-f) explained: how it restarts sperm production with hCG, trial results, labeled doses, half-life, side effects and WADA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Gonadorelin (US human products discontinued) | Approved | Gonadorelin explained: synthetic GnRH, why pulse timing matters, fertility trial results, its 2–3 minute half-life, side effects and US compounding status. | — | Source ↗ |
| hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) | Approved | What hCG does in men, the research on TRT and fertility, post-cycle recovery, side effects, half-life and why the hCG diet fails the evidence test. | — | Source ↗ |
| HGH (Somatropin) | Approved | What HGH does for muscle, fat loss and recovery: human trial results, water weight, longevity claims, side effects, half-life and peptide comparisons. | — | Source ↗ |
| IGF-1 (Mecasermin / Increlex) | Approved | IGF-1 explained: how mecasermin (Increlex) is approved, half-life, blood sugar effects, adult muscle trials, cancer warnings and WADA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Insulin | Approved | Insulin explained: rapid vs long-acting types, half-life, hypoglycemia risk with semaglutide or tirzepatide, muscle claims, overdose data and WADA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Leuprolide (Lupron Depot, Eligard) | Approved | Leuprolide (Lupron, Eligard) explained: the testosterone flare and shutdown, labeled doses, muscle and bone loss, metabolic risks, recovery and WADA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Liraglutide | Approved | Liraglutide is a once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist with a 13-hour half-life. What it does, what LEADER and SCALE showed, how it compares with weekly semaglutide, the safety warnings, and the generics now on the market. | Source ↗ | |
| Lixisenatide | Approved | Lixisenatide is a once-daily GLP-1 drug for diabetes, not weight loss. In the 12-week GetGoal-Mono monotherapy trial it lowered HbA1c by up to 0.66 points versus placebo; ELIXA found it cardiovascular-neutral. | Source ↗ | |
| Lonapegsomatropin (Skytrofa) | Approved | Lonapegsomatropin (Skytrofa) explained: how the weekly GH prodrug works, trial results in children and adults, IGF-1 timing, side effects and legal status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Mazdutide | Approved | Mazdutide, IBI362, is a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist approved in China in 2025 for weight management and type 2 diabetes. | — | Source ↗ |
| Melanotan I (Afamelanotide; EPP) | Approved | Melanotan I (MT1) explained: human tanning studies, afamelanotide and Scenesse, MT1 vs MT2, side effects, melanoma questions, dosage and half-life. | — | Source ↗ |
| Octreotide (Sandostatin) | Approved | Octreotide explained: how this somatostatin analog lowers GH and IGF-1, what Sandostatin, LAR and Mycapssa trials found, gallstone risk and lab monitoring. | — | Source ↗ |
| Orforglipron | Approved | Orforglipron is a non-peptide, once-daily oral GLP-1 receptor agonist from Eli Lilly, sold as Foundayo. How a small molecule differs from oral semaglutide, the ATTAIN and ACHIEVE trial results, the dose mapping between trials and tablets, and its pharmacokinetics. | Source ↗ | |
| Oxytocin (obstetric use) | Approved | Oxytocin explained: human data on libido, bonding, anxiety, weight loss and muscle, plus nasal spray, half-life and side effects. | — | Source ↗ |
| Pramlintide | Approved | Pramlintide is the first approved amylin analog, sold as Symlin. How it works, what the trials showed, why it was discontinued, and the drug class it started. | Source ↗ | |
| PT-141 (Bremelanotide) | Approved | PT-141 (bremelanotide) explained: human libido trials, evidence in men, side effects, onset, half-life, nasal spray vs injection, and Viagra comparisons. | — | Source ↗ |
| Rusfertide (Mimrylo) | Approved | Rusfertide (Mimrylo) explained: how this hepcidin mimetic lowers hematocrit, VERIFY trial results, labeled dosing, platelet and anemia risks, and its 2026 approval. | — | Source ↗ |
| Semaglutide | Approved | Semaglutide is the GLP-1 receptor agonist in Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus. How it works, what STEP, SUSTAIN, SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL showed, its one-week half-life, and the label's safety limits. | Source ↗ | |
| Setmelanotide (Imcivree) | Approved | Setmelanotide (Imcivree) explained: how this MC4R agonist differs from GLP-1 drugs, who it is approved for, trial results, dosing, skin darkening and other risks. | — | Source ↗ |
| Somapacitan (Sogroya) | Approved | Somapacitan (Sogroya) explained: how a weekly growth hormone works, phase 3 trial results, labeled dosing, IGF-1 timing, side effects and legal status. | — | Source ↗ |
| SS-31 (Elamipretide) | Approved | SS-31 explained: elamipretide's FDA approval, ATP and endurance studies, side effects, dosage evidence, longevity claims and comparison with MOTS-c. | — | Source ↗ |
| Teriparatide (Forteo) | Approved | Teriparatide (Forteo) explained: how this PTH fragment builds bone, fracture trial results, osteosarcoma label history, side effects and GLP-1 bone questions. | — | Source ↗ |
| Tesamorelin | Approved | Tesamorelin explained: visceral fat trial results, evidence outside HIV, fat regain, side effects, Egrifta doses, and comparisons with sermorelin and GLP-1s. | — | Source ↗ |
| Tirzepatide | Approved | Tirzepatide is a once-weekly GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist sold as Mounjaro and Zepbound. What the two receptors do, the SURMOUNT and SURPASS results, the outcomes trials, pharmacokinetics, and the safety limits on both labels. | Source ↗ | |
| CagriSema | Awaiting approval | CagriSema combines cagrilintide 2.4 mg and semaglutide 2.4 mg; Novo submitted an FDA NDA in December 2025, and a U.S. decision is expected in Q4 2026. | — | Source ↗ |
| HRS-7535 (KAI-7535) | Awaiting approval | HRS-7535, also called KAI-7535, is an oral GLP-1 candidate. See HARBOR-1 weight-loss results, side effects, China review status and the global trial timeline. | — | Source ↗ |
| Ribupatide (China review) | Awaiting approval | Ribupatide is an investigational GLP-1/GIP agonist with injection and tablet programs. See weight-loss results, side effects, Phase 3 trials, and timelines. | — | Source ↗ |
| Tesofensine | Awaiting approval | Tesofensine explained: human weight-loss results, the Lancet expression of concern, 9-day half-life, side effects, GLP-1 comparisons and approval status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Aleniglipron | Phase 3 | Aleniglipron (GSBR-1290) is an oral GLP-1 in Phase 3. Compare ACCESS weight-loss results, side effects, trial limitations, and the approval timeline. | — | Source ↗ |
| Amycretin | Phase 3 | Amycretin, now zenagamtide, is Novo's investigational GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist; Phase 3 weight-management work began in 2026. | — | Source ↗ |
| Berobenatide (MET-097i) | Phase 3 | Berobenatide (MET-097i) is Pfizer's investigational monthly GLP-1 drug that produced 14.1% placebo-adjusted weight loss in its Phase 2b trial. | — | Source ↗ |
| Cagrilintide | Phase 3 | Cagrilintide, AM833, is Novo's investigational amylin analogue; REDEFINE 1 reported 11.8% weight reduction at 68 weeks. | Source ↗ | |
| Elecoglipron | Phase 3 | Elecoglipron (AZD5004/ECC5004): oral GLP-1 trial results, side effects, EMBOLD and ELUMINATE Phase 3 timelines, and what remains unknown about approval. | — | Source ↗ |
| Eloralintide | Phase 3 | Eloralintide, Lilly's amylin agonist, produced up to 20.1% weight loss at 48 weeks in a Phase 2 trial, with Phase 3 ENLIGHTEN trials now underway. | — | Source ↗ |
| Enicepatide (CT-388) | Phase 3 | Enicepatide (CT-388): understand Phase 2 weight-loss results, side effects, ENITH Phase 3 trials, and why a 2028 filing target is not a release date. | — | Source ↗ |
| Larazotide Acetate (celiac trial terminated) | Phase 3 | Larazotide acetate explained: leaky gut claims, celiac trial results, oral dosing research, side effects, zonulin testing, and the latest long-COVID study status. | — | Source ↗ |
| MariTide | Phase 3 | MariTide (maridebart cafraglutide) produced 12.3% to 16.2% weight loss at 52 weeks in Phase 2 trials; the Phase 3 MARITIME program is underway, with no Phase 3 results yet. | — | Source ↗ |
| Pemvidutide | Phase 3 | Pemvidutide (ALT-801), Altimmune's GLP-1/glucagon agonist for MASH, gave 15.6% weight loss at 48 weeks in obesity and 58.5% MASH resolution in a separate trial. | — | Source ↗ |
| Petrelintide | Phase 3 | Petrelintide (ZP8396) is Zealand and Roche's amylin analogue; its Phase 2 ZUPREME-1 trial showed 10.7% weight loss at 42 weeks versus 1.7% on placebo. | — | Source ↗ |
| Retatrutide | Phase 3 | Retatrutide is Lilly's investigational triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist. See TRIUMPH Phase 3 weight-loss results, safety data, and the 2027 U.S. filing plan. | — | Source ↗ |
| Survodutide | Phase 3 | Survodutide, BI 456906, is an investigational GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonist; SYNCHRONIZE-1 reported 16.6% weight loss at 76 weeks in 2026, not approval. | — | Source ↗ |
| VK2735 | Phase 3 | VK2735 is Viking's dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist; its injection produced 14.7% weight loss at 13 weeks in Phase 2, with Phase 3 VANQUISH trials reading out in 2027. | — | Source ↗ |
| ACE-031 (Ramatercept; discontinued) | Phase 2 | ACE-031 (ramatercept) explained: how the ActRIIB decoy works, human trial results, why nosebleeds ended development, half-life, WADA status and fake products. | — | Source ↗ |
| ACE-083 (discontinued) | Phase 2 | ACE-083 increased local muscle volume in human trials. Explore the results, why development stopped, side effects, half-life and bodybuilding claims. | — | Source ↗ |
| ARA-290 (Cibinetide) | Phase 2 | ARA-290 (cibinetide) explained: human nerve-repair trials, neuropathy benefits, side effects, study doses, half-life and the limits of longevity claims. | — | Source ↗ |
| Bimagrumab | Phase 2 | Bimagrumab explained: the activin receptor antibody tested with semaglutide and tirzepatide to protect lean mass, plus trial results, side effects and status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Efinopegdutide | Phase 2 | Efinopegdutide (MK-6024), Merck's GLP-1/glucagon agonist for MASH, cut liver fat 72.7% and body weight 8.5% at 24 weeks in a head-to-head with semaglutide. | — | Source ↗ |
| 5-Amino-1MQ | Experimental | 5-Amino-1MQ explained: actual mouse fat-loss results, NNMT and NAD+ biology, muscle research, human evidence, side effects, oral dosing and stacking claims. | — | Source ↗ |
| Adamax | Experimental | Adamax peptide explained: how it differs from Semax, where BDNF claims come from, what studies exist, and what remains unknown about dosage and side effects. | — | Source ↗ |
| Adipotide | Experimental | Adipotide (FTPP) explained: monkey fat-loss results, kidney injury findings, the terminated human trial, dosage gaps, and comparisons with GLP-1 drugs. | — | Source ↗ |
| AHK-Cu | Experimental | AHK-Cu for hair growth: what the studies measured, how it compares with GHK-Cu and minoxidil, and the gaps in serum, dosage and injection claims. | — | Source ↗ |
| AICAR (Acadesine) | Experimental | AICAR explained: the 44% mouse endurance result, human glucose studies, oral absorption, half-life, side effects, and comparisons with other exercise mimetics. | — | Source ↗ |
| AOD-9604 | Experimental | Does AOD-9604 work for fat loss? Read the human trial results, injection evidence, side effects, dosage gaps, and comparisons with HGH fragments and tesamorelin. | — | Source ↗ |
| Argireline (cosmetic ingredient) | Experimental | Argireline (acetyl hexapeptide-8) explained: the SNAP-25 mechanism, skin penetration data, wrinkle trials, the 0.005% safety limit and injection risks. | — | Source ↗ |
| BPC-157 | Experimental | BPC-157 for tendon repair, gut health and recovery: what human studies show, how oral and injectable forms differ, and what remains unknown about safety. | — | Source ↗ |
| Cartalax (AED) | Experimental | Cartalax (AED, T-31) explained: the Khavinson cartilage bioregulator, its cell and rat studies, missing human trials, legal status and safety unknowns. | — | Source ↗ |
| Cerebrolysin | Experimental | Cerebrolysin for memory and brain recovery: human trial results, healthy-user evidence, side effects, dosage questions, half-life and Semax comparisons. | — | Source ↗ |
| CJC-1295 | Experimental | CJC-1295 explained: DAC vs no DAC, human GH and IGF-1 results, ipamorelin stacks, muscle and fat-loss claims, half-life, side effects and FDA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Cortexin | Experimental | Cortexin explained: human memory and brain-fog studies, the 490-patient stroke trial, side effects, dosage evidence, and Cortexin vs Cerebrolysin. | — | Source ↗ |
| Dihexa | Experimental | Dihexa for memory and focus: animal-study results, the 2025 retraction, BDNF claims, half-life, cancer concerns, and what human evidence is missing. | — | Source ↗ |
| DSIP | Experimental | Does DSIP improve deep sleep? Compare human trials, the 59% sleep claim, cortisol research, dosage and half-life questions, side effects and wearable data. | — | Source ↗ |
| Epitalon (Epithalon) | Experimental | Epitalon explained: telomere research, human sleep evidence, mouse lifespan results, cancer questions, dosage gaps and Epithalamin differences. | — | Source ↗ |
| Follistatin-344 (FS344; gene transfer only) | Experimental | Follistatin-344 explained: what FS344 actually is, the 15-patient gene-transfer record, disputed results, banned status, and the missing human safety data. | — | Source ↗ |
| FOXO4-DRI | Experimental | FOXO4-DRI explained: senescent cells, mouse longevity research, testosterone findings, safety signals, human trial status and gaps in dosage evidence. | — | Source ↗ |
| GHK-Cu | Experimental | GHK-Cu for skin, hair and longevity: human study results, topical vs injectable evidence, side effects, and what copper peptide claims leave out. | — | Source ↗ |
| GHRP-2 | Experimental | GHRP-2 explained with human data: appetite, GH and IGF-1, muscle claims, tolerance, half-life, side effects, and comparisons with GHRP-6 and ipamorelin. | — | Source ↗ |
| GHRP-6 | Experimental | GHRP-6 explained with human studies: GH release, hunger, muscle and sleep claims, half-life, side effects, dosage evidence and peptide comparisons. | — | Source ↗ |
| Glutathione | Experimental | Does glutathione work? Compare oral, liposomal and IV forms, NAC vs GlyNAC, human trial results, studied doses, side effects and the 2026 FDA warning. | — | Source ↗ |
| Hexarelin | Experimental | Hexarelin explained: human muscle and fat-loss data, tolerance, sleep and heart studies, side effects, half-life evidence, and ipamorelin comparisons. | — | Source ↗ |
| HGH Fragment 176-191 | Experimental | HGH Fragment 176-191 explained: fat-loss evidence, AOD-9604 differences, glucose findings, side effects, dosage claims, half-life and fasted cardio. | — | Source ↗ |
| Humanin | Experimental | Humanin peptide research explained: longevity, brain health, insulin sensitivity, HNG vs Humanin, side effects, dosage gaps and comparisons with MOTS-c. | — | Source ↗ |
| IGF-1 DES | Experimental | IGF-1 DES explained with original studies: the 10× potency claim, local muscle growth, half-life, DES vs LR3, dosage evidence and side effects. | — | Source ↗ |
| IGF-1 LR3 | Experimental | IGF-1 LR3 explained: muscle-growth studies, the 20–30-hour half-life claim, LR3 vs DES and HGH, hypoglycemia, dosage evidence and product quality. | — | Source ↗ |
| Ipamorelin | Experimental | Ipamorelin explained: human GH studies, muscle and fat-loss claims, CJC-1295 stacks, half-life, dosage evidence, side effects and FDA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Kisspeptin-10 | Experimental | Kisspeptin-10 explained: testosterone results, new 2026 human research, libido claims, KP-54 differences, half-life, dosage evidence and safety. | — | Source ↗ |
| KPV | Experimental | KPV peptide explained: gut inflammation studies, oral vs injectable claims, skin research, dosage gaps, side effects, and new 2026 metabolic findings. | — | Source ↗ |
| LL-37 | Experimental | LL-37 explained: human wound-healing trials, biofilm and Lyme claims, immune effects, vitamin D, dosage gaps, and safety evidence. | — | Source ↗ |
| Melanotan II | Experimental | Melanotan II explained: human tanning and libido studies, nasal spray testing, melanoma evidence, side effects, and how MT2 differs from Melanotan I and PT-141. | — | Source ↗ |
| MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) | Experimental | MGF explained: the IGF-1 splice variant exercise switches on, the disputed synthetic peptide, animal findings, missing human trials, WADA ban and safety gaps. | — | Source ↗ |
| MOTS-c | Experimental | MOTS-c for endurance, fat loss and longevity: explore the human exercise study, mouse results, CB4211 trial, side effects and gaps in dosage evidence. | — | Source ↗ |
| NAD+ | Experimental | What NAD+ does, whether NMN or NR works, and what human trials show about energy, longevity, NAD+ injections, IV therapy, dosage and side effects. | — | Source ↗ |
| Orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) | Experimental | Orexin-A for focus and wakefulness: human studies, the sleep-deprived monkey experiment, nasal spray, side effects, dosage gaps and orexin agonist drugs. | — | Source ↗ |
| P21 (P021) | Experimental | P21 peptide explained: memory and BDNF research, animal study results, human evidence, dosage and half-life gaps, side effects, and P21 vs Semax. | — | Source ↗ |
| PE-22-28 | Experimental | PE-22-28 explained: mouse mood studies, neurogenesis data, the 500-fold potency claim, the 23-hour half-life mix-up, dosage gaps and human safety. | — | Source ↗ |
| PEG-MGF (PEGylated mechano growth factor) | Experimental | PEG-MGF explained: what PEGylation does to the MGF peptide, why no human or product studies exist, unknown half-life, anti-PEG antibodies and WADA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Pinealon | Experimental | Pinealon peptide explained: human reports, memory and brain-aging research, sleep claims, Pinealon vs Epitalon, dosage evidence and side effects. | — | Source ↗ |
| PNC-27 | Experimental | PNC-27 peptide explained: how it targets HDM-2, cancer study results, human trial status, PNC-28 differences, side effects and dosage evidence. | — | Source ↗ |
| Selank | Experimental | Selank for anxiety and focus: what human studies show, how nasal spray compares with injections, and the evidence behind BDNF, side effects and Semax stacks. | — | Source ↗ |
| Semax | Experimental | Semax for focus and memory: what human studies show, where BDNF claims come from, nasal spray vs injections, side effects, and Semax vs Selank. | — | Source ↗ |
| Sermorelin | Experimental | Sermorelin for muscle, fat loss and sleep: what human studies found, how it compares with HGH and ipamorelin, plus half-life, side effects and FDA history. | — | Source ↗ |
| SLU-PP-332 | Experimental | SLU-PP-332 explained: mouse fat-loss and endurance results, oral bioavailability, SLU-PP-915 comparisons, side effects, and gaps in human dosage evidence. | — | Source ↗ |
| SNAP-8 | Experimental | SNAP-8 explained: the 63% wrinkle claim, human studies, serum concentrations, Argireline vs Botox, GHK-Cu combinations, and injection safety gaps. | — | Source ↗ |
| TB-500 | Experimental | TB-500 for injury recovery: the 2026 tendon study, human thymosin beta-4 trials, side effects, half-life claims and evidence behind the BPC-157 stack. | — | Source ↗ |
| Thymagen (Thymogen, oglufanide) | Experimental | Thymagen (Thymogen, oglufanide) explained: a Russian thymic dipeptide, its negative phase III cancer trial, thin human data, safety gaps and legal status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Thymalin | Experimental | Thymalin explained: human longevity data, immune effects, dosage research, side effects and how this thymus extract differs from thymosin alpha-1. | — | Source ↗ |
| Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) | Experimental | Thymosin alpha 1 explained: immune effects, human trial results, longevity claims, dosage research, half-life, side effects and FDA status. | — | Source ↗ |
| Thymulin (Nonathymulin) | Experimental | Thymulin explained: the zinc-bound thymus hormone, its 1980s arthritis and MS trials, zinc and aging research, legal status, side effects and evidence gaps. | — | Source ↗ |
| Vilon | Experimental | Vilon, a two-amino-acid Khavinson bioregulator, explained: thymus and lifespan claims, rodent cancer findings, thin human data, legal status and safety gaps. | — | Source ↗ |
| VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) | Experimental | VIP peptide explained: inflammation, CIRS and mold claims, aviptadil trials, nasal spray, brain fog, half-life, side effects and FDA status. | — | Source ↗ |
Related products may include combinations or investigational names. A dash means no related product is listed in this library.